Describe immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and discuss recent advances towards development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV.

Safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus vaccinums offer the just about hope of lemniscus the spread of human immunodeficiency virus indisposition oecumenic. Although human immunodeficiency virus transmission is in theory for the most part preventable, in practice, without the culture of an effective vaccine, human immunodeficiency virus depart continue to infect millions throughout the world. The ideal vaccine for worldwide use will be inexpensive to manufacture, leave shag nourishion against all subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus, require minimal if any boost, harbor against all methods of spread of human immunodeficiency virus for years, and be easily administered, perpetual to heat, and widely accessible (Merigan et al., 1999). An understanding of the molecular and immunological mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus patho genesis is necessary in the development of a palmy human immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses specific for human immunodeficiency virus gene products have been identified. This essay describes immune responses to HIV and fresh advances towards the development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV. HIV is a constituent of the lentivirus family of animal retroviruses which argon capable of abundant term latent infection of cells and short term cytopathic effects (Abbas et al., 2003).

A HIV virion contains two identical strands of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and associated enzymes, including relapsing transcriptase, integrase, and protease, packaged deep down a core imperturbable of p24 capsid protein with a adjoin p17 protein matrix, all surrounde! d by a phospholipid bilayer gasbag derived from the swarm cell (Abbas et al., 2003). Virally encoded membrane proteins (gp41 and gp120) are bound to the envelope. Interaction of an HIV surface glycoprotein (gp 120) with CD4 is necessary merely not sufficient for entryway (Letvin, 2002). Two major types of HIV have been identified as HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV Infection begins when the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of a viral particle binds to twain CD4 and a coreceptor that is a member of the chemokine receptor family (Abbas et al., If you want to take out a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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